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From Shared Databases to Communities of Practice: A Taxonomy ...

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Promoting affiliation between scientists is relatively easy, but creating larger organizational structures is much more difficult, due to traditions of scientific independence, difficulties of sharing implicit knowledge, and formal organizational barriers.

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Second, scientists work independently. Scientists generally enjoy a high degree of independence, both in their day-to-day work practices as well as in the larger directions of their work. Scientific researchers have greater freedom to pursue high risk/high reward ideas than do individuals in many other professions. Most practicing scientists would strongly resist controls that many corporate employees accept as normal, such as having their work hours, technology choices, and travel schedules dictated by others. The culture of independence benefits science in many ways, but it also makes it more difficult to aggregate scientists' labors.

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Scientific collaborations must work harder than other organizations to maintain open communication channels, adopt common toolsets, and keep groups focused on common goals.

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