Stephen Krashen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Stephen Krashen, professor emeritus at the University of Southern California, is a highly acclaimed linguist, educational researcher and activist. Krashen is best known for his contributions to the fields of second language acquisition (SLA), bilingual education, and reading.

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One of Krashen's most important ideas is that in order for a learner to acquire a language, he must be exposed to 'comprehensible input' which is roughly tuned to a level slightly higher than he can himself produce. He distinguishes this from 'learned' language. 'Acquisition' occurs in communicative situations in the 'real world'. 'Acquired' knowledge is readily available to communicate meaning. 'Learning' occurs through formal training (the classroom); it cannot be used to communicate meaning. Instead, it monitors the grammatical use of 'acquired' language knowledge.

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Krashen believes that language learners must build on their knowledge through processing language at a level slightly beyond their ability: 'current competence + 1' (i +1).^[1] This is also known as instructional scaffolding.

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