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Saved by 1000 people (-2230 private), first by anonymouse user on 2006-03-02


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on 2006-03-31 by geneboy

英文维基百科,最大最著名的wiki站点。(整理一下书签,这些箱子底儿的东西怎么跑到上面来了)

on 2006-07-22 by blakeg

an open-content encyclopedia in many languages

on 2006-07-24 by spasmoid

this is a fantastic site

on 2006-07-24 by svartling

an open-content encyclopedia in many languages

on 2006-08-01 by heping

the best online encyclopedia

on 2006-08-02 by jump4jay

The free encyclopedia.

on 2006-08-20 by scaccianico

I love this website!

on 2006-08-28 by nekochan

free internet encyclopedia

on 2006-09-08 by drama7

a good site to get definitions, history, and links to other sites.

on 2006-09-26 by zoohouse

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

on 2006-09-29 by f2lsg1vdc352z9cf

the free encyclopedia

on 2006-10-10 by chousz

The source of everything

on 2006-10-10 by hdd2006

我靠,第一次不用拐弯抹角,直接进了,Opera下正常显示。星星说,兄弟,出来看Wiki。有纪念意义,比较出口成脏了点,想必都理解。

on 2006-12-11 by amikeco

Not in "many languages", as most people write, but in one language, English. Other language versions are at their own addresses (language code before wikipedia.org).

on 2007-01-04 by aceblush

Grandma's House. Read the 9/06 Atlantic article "The Hive." (http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia"

on 2007-02-05 by melmel

The Free Encyclopedia

on 2009-05-07 by p_palmus

sok tanár még mindig utálja, de az angol verzión nagyon színvonalas cikkek vannak. alapoldal tényleg mindenkinek.

on 2009-11-16 by dakingopop

Love it!

on 2009-12-09 by rslinford

"Main Page" has been my home page for 4 years. I see no reason to change. Thank you Wikipedia.

on 2009-12-09 by alexdn

wikipedia gives so much good info

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to reach the intended destination from

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and overall public transport

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noted for its 15th and 16th century architecture. There are a large number of churches for the island's size, a testament to the island's long-standing Roman Catholic tradition.

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the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.

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Athenian society that Thucydides, his contemporary historian, acclaimed him as "the first citizen of Athens". Pericles turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War.

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of this identity, which vary with their level of rigor, preferred development of the real numbers, background assumptions, historical context and target audience. The equality 0.999… = 1 has long been taught in textbook

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9… = 1 has long been taught in textbooks, and in the last few decades, researchers of mathematics education have studied the reception of this equation among stud

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specializes in math and science. The school opened in 1904 on Manhattan's East Side and moved to a new building in Battery Park City in 1992. The school is noted for its famous alumni, including four Nobel laureates, its strong academic programs, and the large percentage of its graduates who attend prestigious universities. Together with Brooklyn Technical High School

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professional female singers in the late Renaissance court of Ferrara, Italy, renowned for their technical and artistic virtuosity. The ensemble was founded by Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara, in 1580 and was active until the court was dissolved in 1597. Giacomo Vincenti, a music publisher, praised the women as "virtuose giovani" (virtu

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nearly every civilisation, ancient and modern. Early cultures often associated the sexual act

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act with supernatural forces and thus their religion is intertwined with their depictions. In Asian

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depictions. In

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part of the broader family of cyclones. They are defined as synoptic scale low pressure weather

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systems that occur in the middle latitudes of the Earth, having neither tropical nor polar characteristics

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handcart movement began in 1856 and lasted until

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Salsa incorporates multiple styles and variations, such as chachachá and mambo. Most specifically, however, salsa refers to a particular style developed in the 1960s and '70s by Cuban and Puerto Rican immigrants to the New York City area, and stylistic descendants like 1980s salsa romantica.

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Modern salsa remains a dance-oriented genre and is closely associated with a style of salsa dancing. (more...)

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Welcome to Wikipedia,
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1,580,927 articles in English

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t is officially recognised as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India and is regarded as one of the best engineering institutions

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  • The Pentagon > releases a transcript in which > Khalid Sheikh Mohammed > states he helped plan more than two dozen acts of > terrorism > , including the > September 11, 2001 attacks > . >
  • The beating and detention of > Zimbabwean > opposition leader > Morgan Tsvangirai > prompt international condemnation of the regime of > President > Robert Mugabe > . >
  • The > British House of Commons > votes to > renew > the > Trident missile system > , despite significant opposition from > Labour > MPs > . >
  • The Cassini spacecraft captures images
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    First permanent photograph

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    The first successful permanent photograph, created in 1826. It is titled "View from the workroom at Le Gras" and required an eight-hour exposure in bright sunshine and was printed on a polished pewter plate covered with a petroleum derivative called bitumen of Judea. Due to the long exposure, the buildings are illuminated by the sun from both right and left.

    Photo credit: Nicéphore Niépce
    Archive - More featured pictures...

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    its festivals Illumination and Rangoli, Spring Fest and Kshitij. (more...)

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    Its organisational structure as well as its undergraduate admission process is shared by sister IITs. The students and alumni of IIT Kharagpur are referred to as KGPians. Among all IITs, IIT Kharagpur has the largest campus (2,100 acres), the most departments,

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    Welcome to Wikipedia

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    resenter Kroger Babb.

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    • rd, projects, resources and activities covering a wide range of Wikipedia areas.
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    Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit

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    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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    Welcome to Wikipedia, a free-content encyclopedia in many languages that anyone can edit. In this English edition, started in January 2001, we are working on 399899 articles. Visit our Community Portal to find out how you can edit an article, or experiment in the sandbox.

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    Today's featured article

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    Today's featured article

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    · Editing · Questions · Help

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    Today's featured article

    Charlotte Cleverley-Bisman suffering from severe meningococcal meningitis

    Meningitis is a medical condition caused by inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. The inflammation is

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    feature-

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    Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.

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    submarine surfaced, it struck and seriously damaged Ehime Maru, a high-school fishing training ship from Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Within

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    Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit

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    Welcome to Wikipedia! We are building a multilingual free-content encyclopedia that will always belong to everyone. We started in January 2001 and are now working on 222837 articles in the English version.

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    at least the past 30 million years and is also responsible for activities in the Lassen volcanic area. Between 2 and 4 million years ago, volcanic-derived mud flows called lahars streamed down several major mountains that included nearby bu

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    A free-content encyclopedia in many languages that anyone can edit

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    Welcome to Wikipedia! We are building an open-content encyclopedia in many languages. In the English version, started in January 2001, we are now working on 291951 articles. Learn how to edit pages, experiment in the sandbox, and visit our Community Portal to find out how you can participate in the development of Wikipedia.

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    Welcome to Wikipedia, the free-content encyclopedia that anyone can edit.

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    Welcome to Wikipedia, a free-content encyclopedia that anyone can edit. In this English version, started in 2001, we are currently working on 472572 articles.

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    Wikipedia is a copyleft encyclopedia that is collaboratively developed using wiki software. Wikipedia is managed and operated by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. In addition to the standard encyclopedic knowledge, Wikipedia includes almanac and gazetteer-like information as well as current events. The content of Wikipedia is entirely created by its users.

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    he free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.

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    Welcome to Wikipedia, a free-content encyclopedia in many languages. In this English edition, started in January 2001, we are working on 364354 articles. Learn how to edit pages, experiment in the sandbox, and visit our Community Portal to find out how you can edit any article right now.

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    ...an open-content encyclopedia in many languages. We started in January 2001 and are now working on 265474 articles in the English version. Learn how to edit pages, experiment in the sandbox, and visit our Community Portal to find out how you can contribute to Wikipedia.

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    on computer systems linked by the Storm Worm, a Trojan horse that has spread through e-mail spam. Other sources have placed the size of the botnet to be around 250,000 to 1 million compromised systems. The Storm botnet was first identified around January 2007, with the Storm worm at one point accounting for 8% of all malware on Microsoft Window

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    Order of the Thistle

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    Order of the Thistle

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    Order of the Thistle

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    Order of the Thistle

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    Order of the Thistle

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    Order of the Thistle

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    Order of the Thistle

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    The New York Times called him a torturer, whose methods would have "done credit to the ingenuity of the Spanish Inquisition in its darkest days". The circumstances of Low's death, which took place around 1724, have been the subject of much speculation.

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    the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.

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    The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was the climactic battle of the First Indochina War between French Union forces and Viet Minh communist revolutionary forces. The battle occurred between March and May 1954, and culminated in a massive French defeat that

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    Welcome

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    2,801,877 articles in English

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    Today's featured article

    James Bowie

    James Bowie (1796–1836) was a 19th-century American pioneer and soldier who played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution, culminating in his death at the Battle of the Alamo. Countless stories of him as a fighter and frontiersman, both real and fictitious, have made him a legendary figure in Texas history. Born in Kentucky, Bowie spent most of his life in Louisiana, where he was raised and later worked as a land speculator. His rise to fame began in 1827 on reports of the Sandbar Fight. What began as a duel between two other men deteriorated into a melee in which Bowie, having been shot and stabbed, killed the sheriff of Rapides Parish with a large knife. This and other stories of Bowie's prowess with the knife led to the widespread popularity of the Bowie knife. Bowie's reputation was cemented by his role in the Texas Revolution. After moving to Texas in 1830, Bowie became a Mexican citizen and married the daughter of the vice governor of the province. His fame in Texas grew following his failed expedition to find the lost San Saba mine, where his small party repelled an attack by a large Indian raiding party. At the outbreak of the Texas Revolution, Bowie joined the Texas militia, leading forces at the Battle of Concepción and the Grass Fight. In January 1836, he arrived at the Alamo, where he commanded the volunteer forces until an illness left him bedridden. Bowie died with the other Alamo defenders on March 6. Despite conflicting accounts of the manner of his death, the "most popular, and probably the most accurate" accounts maintain that he died in his bed after emptying his pistols into several Mexican soldiers. (more...)

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    The 2008 Men's Olympics road race took place on August 9 at the Urban Road Cycling Course. It started at 11:00 China Standard Time (UTC+8), and was scheduled to last until 17:30 later that day. The 245.4-kilometre (152.5 mi) course ran north across the heart of the Beijing metropolitan area, passing such landmarks as the Temple of Heaven, the Great Hall of the People, Tiananmen Square and the Beijing National Stadium.

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    An 1855 engraving of Rufus Griswold by Miner Kilbourne Kellogg

    Rufus Wilmot Griswold (1815–1857) was an American anthologist, editor, poet, and critic. Born in Vermont, he worked as a journalist, editor, and critic in Philadelphia, New York City, and elsewhere. He built up a strong literary reputation, in part due to his 1842 collection The Poets and Poetry of America. This anthology, the most comprehensive of its time, included what he deemed the best examples of American poetry. He produced revised versions and similar anthologies for the remainder of his life, although many of the poets he promoted have since faded into obscurity. Many writers hoped to have their work included in one of these editions, although they commented harshly on Griswold's abrasive character. Edgar Allan Poe, whose poetry had been included in Griswold's anthology, published a critical response that questioned which poets were included. This began a rivalry which grew when Griswold succeeded Poe as editor of Graham's Magazine at a higher salary than Poe's. Griswold considered himself an expert in American poetry and was an early proponent of its inclusion on the school curriculum. He also supported the introduction of copyright legislation, speaking to Congress on behalf of the publishing industry, although he was not above pirating other people's work. (more...)

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    The Million Dollar Homepage is a website conceived in 2005 by 21-year-old student Alex Tew from Wiltshire, England, to raise money for his university education. The home page consists of a million pixels arranged in a 1000 × 1000 pixel grid; the image-based links on it were sold for $1 per pixel in 10 × 10 blocks. The purchasers of these pixel blocks provided tiny images to be displayed on them, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to which the images were linked, and a slogan to be displayed when hovering a cursor over the link. The aim of the site was to sell all of the pixels in the image, thus generating

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    John Calvin (1509–1564) was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism.

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    La Peau de chagrin is an 1831 novel by French novelist and playwright Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850). Set in early 19th-century Paris, it tells the story of a young man who finds a magic piece of shagreen that fulfills his every desire.

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    The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English narrating the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The annals were created late in the 9th century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of Alfred the Great. Multiple manuscript copies were made and distributed to monasteries across England and were independently updated. In one case, the chronicle was still being actively updated in 1154. Nine manuscripts survive in whole or in part, though not all are of equal historical value, and none of them is the original version. The oldest seems to have been started towards the end of Alfred's reign, while the most recent was written at Peterborough Abbey after a fire at the monastery there in 1116. Much of the information given in the Chronicle is not recorded elsewhere. In addition, the manuscripts are important sources for the history of the English language; in particular, the later Peterborough text is one of the earliest examples of Middle English in existence. Seven of the nine surviving manuscripts and fragments now reside in the British Library. The remaining two are in the Bodleian Library and the lib

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    eature-le

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    U2 are a rock band from Dublin, Ireland. The band consists of Bono, The Edge, Adam Clayton, and Larry Mullen, Jr.. The band formed in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency. By the mid-1980s, the band had become a top international act, noted for their anthemic sound, Bono's impassioned vocals, and The Edge's textural guitar playing. Their success as a live act

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    A vial of the injectable anabolic steroid
    Anabolic steroids are a class of steroid hormones related to the hormone testosterone. They increase protein synthesis within cells, which results in the buildup of cellular tissue (anabolism), especially in muscles. Anabolic steroids also have androgenic and virilizing properties, including the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics such as growth of the vocal cords and body hair.

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    Gladiators shown on the late Roman Gladiator Mosaic

    The inaugural games of the Flavian Amphitheatre were held in 80 AD, on the orders of the Roman Emperor Titus, to celebrate the completion of the Colosseum, then known as the Flavian Amphitheatre. Vespasian began construction of the amphitheatre around 70 AD, and it was completed by Titus soon after Vespasian's death in 79 AD.

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    daily

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    The fauna of Scotland is generally typical of the north-west European part of the Palearctic ecozone, although several of the country's larger mammals were hunted to extinction in historic times and human activity has also led to various species of wildlife being introduced. Scotland's diverse temperate environments support 62 species of wild mammals, including a population of Wild Cats, important numbers of Grey and Harbour Seals and the most northerly colony of Bottlenose Dolphins in the world. Many populations of moorland birds, including Blackcock and the Red Grouse, live here, and the country has internationally significant nesting grounds for seabirds such as the Northern Gannet. The Golden Eagle has become a national icon, and White-tailed Eagles and Ospreys have recently re-colonised the land. The Scottish Crossbill is the only endemic vertebrate species in the British Isles. Scotland's seas are among the most biologically productive in the world; it is estimated that the total number of Scottish marine species exceeds 40,000. An estimated 14,000 species of insect, including rare bees and butterflies protected by conservation action plans, inhabit Scotland. Conservation agencies in the UK are concerned that climate change, especially its potential effects on mountain plateaus and marine life, threaten much of the fauna of Scotland. (more...)

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    The Verdeja was a series of light tanks developed in Spain between 1938 and 1954 in an attempt to replace German Panzer I and Soviet T-26 tanks in Spanish service. The program was headed by Captain Félix Verdeja Bardales and led to the development of four prototype vehicles, including a self-propelled howitzer armed with a 75 mm gun. It was designed as an advanced light tank and was one of the first development programs which took into account survivability of the crew as

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    A retiarius was a Roman gladiator who fought with equipment styled on that of a fisherman: a weighted net (rete, hence the name), a three-pointed trident, and a dagger (pugio). The retiarius fought lightly armoured, wearing an arm guard (manica) and a shoulder guard. Typically, his clothing consisted only of a loincloth held in place by a wide belt, or of a short tunic with light padding.

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    Mary Toft (1701–1763) was an English woman from Godalming, Surrey, who in 1726 became the subject of considerable controversy when she hoaxed doctors into believing that she had given birth to rabbits. Toft became pregnant in 1726, but later miscarried. Apparently fascinated by a rabbit she had seen while working, she claimed to have given birth to parts of animals. Local surgeon John Howard was called to investigate, and upon delivering several animal parts he notified other prominent physicians. The matter came to the attention of Nathaniel St. André, surgeon to the Royal Household of King George I of Great Britain. St. André investigated and concluded that Toft was telling the truth. The king also sent surgeon Cyriacus Ahlers to see Toft, but Ahlers remained sceptical. By now quite famous, Toft was brought to London and was studied at length. Under intense scrutiny, and producing no more rabbits, she eventually confessed to the hoax and was subsequently imprisoned. The public mockery which followed created panic within the medical profession. Several prominent surgeons' careers were ruined, and many satirical works were produced, each scathingly critical of the affair. The pictorial satirist and social critic William Hogarth was notably critical of the gullibility of the medical profession. Toft was eventually released without charge and returned to her home. (more...)

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    Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849) was an American poet, short-story writer, editor and literary critic, and is considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective-fiction genre. He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career. In January 1845, Poe published his poem "The Raven" to instant success. His wife died of tuberculosis two years later. On October 7,

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    Ursula Franklin (born 1921) is a Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author and educator who has taught at the University of Toronto for more than 40 years. She is the author of The Real World of Technology, which is based on her 1989 Massey Lectures, and The Ursula Franklin Reader: Pacifism as a Map, a collection of her papers, interviews, and talks. Franklin is a practising Quaker and has been active in working on behalf of pacifist and feminist causes. Franklin has received numerous honours

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    The atmosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System. It is primarily made of molecular hydrogen and helium in roughly solar proportions; other chemical compounds are present only in small amounts, and include methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and water.

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    Archie Jackson (1909–1933) was an Australian cricketer who played eight Test matches as a specialist batsman between 1929 and 1931

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    Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of China, Korea, and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. Japan's capital and lar

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    Sir Thomas Playford (1896–1981) was a prominent South Australian politician and farmer. He served continuously as Premier of South Australia from 5 November 1938 to 10 March 1965, the longest term of any democratically elected leader in the history of the Commonwealth of Nations. His tenure as premier was marked by a period of population and economic growth unmatched by any other Australian state. Playford took a unique, strong and direct approach to the premiership and personally oversaw his industrial initiatives. His string of election wins were assisted by a system of electoral malapportionment that bore his name, the 'Playmander'. Although a liberal conservative, his approach to economics was pragmatic, and he was derided by his colleagues for his "socialism" as he nationalised electricity companies and used state enterprises to drive economic growth. However, Playford and his party failed to adapt to changing social mores and eventually lost office in the 1965 election. He relinquished the LCL leadership to Steele Hall and retired at the next election, serving on various South Australian company boards until his death in 1981. (more...)

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    14 July to

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    The Rhodes blood libel was an instance of the blood libel against Jews in which the Jews of the island of Rhodes were accused of the ritual murder of a Christian boy in February 1840. The libel originated in the Greek Orthodox community and enjoyed active support from the consuls of several European countries, including the United Kingdom, France, the Austrian Empire, Sweden, and Greece.

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    Vasa is a warship that was built for Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden from 1626 to 1628. The ship foundered and sank on her maiden voyage on August 10, 1628 after sailing only about twenty minutes. Vasa fell into obscurity after some initial attempts at recovering her in the 17th century but was relocated in the late 1950s and salvaged with a largely intact hull on April 24, 1961. Thousands of artifacts and the remains of 16 people were found inside or near Vasa by marine archaeologists.

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    Europa is the sixth-nearest and fourth-largest natural satellite of the planet Jupiter.

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    newspaper

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    was a land battle

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    Glynn Lunney
    Glynn Lunney is a retired NASA engineer. An employee of NASA since its foundation in 1958, Lunney was a flight director during the Gemini and Apollo programs, and was on duty during historic events such as the Apollo 11 lunar ascent and the pivotal hours of the Apollo 13 crisis. At the end of the Apollo program, he became manager of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, the first collaboration in spaceflight between the United States and the

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    capable of degrading various types of RNAs. Exosome

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    celebrity

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    to 1999. Of the four national networks of American radio's classic era, Mutual had for decades the largest num

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    August Strindberg,

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    website conceived in 2005 by 21-year-old student Alex Tew from Wiltshire, England, to raise money for his university education. The home page consists of a million pixels arranged in a 1000 × 1000 pixel grid; the image-based links on it were sold for $1 per pixel in 10 × 10 blocks. The purchasers of these pixel blocks provided tiny images to be displayed on them, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to which the images were linked, and a slogan to be displayed when hovering a cursor over the link. The aim of the site was to sell all of the pixels in the image, thus generating a million dollars of income for the creator. The Wall Street Journal has commented that the site inspired other websites that sell pixels. Launched on 26 August 2005, the website became an Internet phenomenon. The Alexa ranking of web traffic peaked at around 127; as of 9 May 2009, it is 40,044. On 1 January 2006, the final 1,000 pixels were put up for auction on eBay. The auction closed on

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    the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.

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    gained worldwide attention,

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    total this made 38 episodes, all but one of which lasts for half an hour. Set

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    The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that lasted from 618 to 907. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire. The Tang Dynasty, with its capital at

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    his death

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    of 18th-century British

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    addition of a ketone enolate to an aldehyde to form an aldol (β-hydroxy ketone), a structural unit found in many naturally occurring molecules

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    The Italian War of 1542–1546 was a conflict late in the Italian Wars, pitting Francis I of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Henry VIII of England. The course of the war saw extensive fighting in Italy, France, and the Low Countries, as well as attempted invasions of Spain and England; but, although the conflict was ruinously expensive for the major participants, its outcome was inconclusive. The war arose from the failure of the Truce of Nice, which ended the Italian War of 1536–38, to resolve the

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    he Italian War of 1542–1546 was a conflict late in the Italian Wars, pitting Francis I of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Henry VIII of England. The course of the war saw extensive fighting in Italy, France, and the Low Countries, as well as attempted invasions of Spain and England; but, although the conflict was ruinously expensive for the major participants, its outcome was inconclusive. The war arose from the failure of the Truce of Nice, which ended the Italian War of 1536–38, to resolve the long-standing conflict between Charles and Francis—particularly their conflicting claims to the Duchy of Milan.

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    was given to Mona Lisa, h

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    Yemenia Flight 626 en route from Sana'a, Yemen, to Moroni, Comoros, crashes with 153 people aboard.

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    the decline and collapse of the

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    that BioShock is in development for the PlayStation 3 and will be released in October 2008 and is being developed by the newest 2K Games studio, 2K Marin. A version of the game for mobile platforms is currently being developed by IG Fun. Set in an alternative history 1960, the game places the player in the role of a plane crash survivor named Jack, who must explore the

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    founded in New York City and the oldest Orthodox Russian Jewish congregation in the United States. Founded in 1852 by Rabbi Abraham Ash as Beth Hamedrash, it split in 1859, with the rabbi and the bulk of the members renaming their congregation Beth Hamedrash Hagadol. Rabbi Jacob Joseph, the first and only Chief Rabbi of New York City, led the con

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    The two formed a friendship while students in the 1920s

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    omplex and enigmatic composition raises questions about reality and illusion, and creates an uncertain relationship between the viewer and the figures depicted. Because of these complexities, Las Meninas has been one of the most

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    Air France Flight 447

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    depression is a disabling condition which adversely

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    led to its development as a hill station f

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    During the mid-19th century, Bristol Byzantine

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    Today's featured article

    Pietro Ottoboni, the last Cardinal Nephew

    A cardinal-nephew is a cardinal elevated by a pope who is his uncle, or more generally, his relative. The practice of creating cardinal-nephews originated in the Middle Ages, and reached its apex during the 16th and 17th centuries, and is central to the etymology of the word "nepotism", which appeared in the English language circa 1670. From the middle of the Avignon Papacy (1309–1377) until Pope Innocent XII's anti-nepotism bull, Romanum decet pontificem (1692), a pope without a cardinal-nephew was the exception to the rule. Every Renaissance pope who created cardinals appointed a relative to the College of Cardinals, and the nephew was the most common choice. The institution of the cardinal-nephew evolved over seven centuries, tracking developments in the history of the Papacy and the styles of individual popes. From 1566 until 1692, a cardinal-nephew held the curial office of the "Superintendent of the Ecclesiastical State". The curial office as well as the institution of the cardinal-nephew declined as the power of the Cardinal Secretary of State increased and the temporal power of popes decreased in the 17th and 18th centuries. Notable cardinal-nephews include fourteen popes—John XIX, Benedict IX, Anastasius IV, Gregory IX, Alexander IV, Adrian V, Gregory XI, Boniface IX, Eugene IV, Paul II, Alexander VI, Pius III, Julius II, and Clement VII—and two saintsCharles Borromeo and Anselm of Lucca. (more...)

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    Search

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    ruits," the fruit is distinctive for its large size, unique odour, and formidable thorn-covered husk

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    species, with family groups typically supp

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    United States

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    Steinbeck's most important works of non-fiction chiefly because of the involvement of Ricketts, who shaped Steinbeck's thinking and provided the prototype for many of the pivotal characters in his fiction, and the insights it gives into the philosophies of the two men. The Log from the Sea of Cortez is the narrative portion of an unsuccessful earlier work, Sea of Cortez: A Leisurely Journal of Travel and Research, which was published by Steinbeck and Ricketts shortly after their return from the Gulf of California, and combined the journals of the collecting expedition, reworked by Steinbeck, with Ricketts' species catalogue. After Ricketts' death in 1948, Steinbeck dropped the species catalogue from the earlier

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    other characters and examine, collect

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    status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale three times. The cyclone developed from the Intertropical Convergence Zone on August 20 far to the south of Hawaii. Ioke gradually weakened as it turned northwestward and northward, and by September 6 it had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. The remnants of Ioke accelerated northeastward and ultimately crossed into Alaska. Ioke did not affect any permanently populated areas in the Central Pacific or Western Pacific basins as a hurricane or a typhoon. A crew of 12 people rode out the hurricane in a hurricane-proof bunker on

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    career as an actress with the variety television series The Jacksons in 1976. She went on to star in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, including Good Times and Diff'rent Strokes. At age sixteen in 1982, Jackson signed a recording contract with A&M, releasing her self-titled debut album the same year. She faced criticism for her limited vocal range, and for being yet another member of the Jackson

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    architectural style unique to the city was developed, of which several examples have survived.

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    Prominent symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma include abnormal liver function tests, abdominal pain, jaundice, weight loss, and sometimes generalized itching, fever, or changes in stool or urine color.

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    Chelsea won several cup competitions during the 1960s and 1970s

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    e of the arts, the media, higher education and commerce. In a poll of British business leaders published in 2006, Manchester was regarded as the best place in the UK to locate a business. Manchester was the host of the 2002 Commonwealth Games, and among its other sporting connections are its two Premier League football teams, Manchester City and Manchester United. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, with areas south of the River Mersey being in Cheshire. Manchester was the world's first ind

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    not advised by the Government

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    . Artists have since used backmasking for artistic, comedic, and satiric effect, on both analog and digital recordings.

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    ws

    An artist's impression of a Dreamliner in flight

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    phonology is the fact that almost all consonants appear in pairs, with one member of each pair being "broad" and

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    Caversham is one of the older suburbs of the South Island New Zealand city of Dunedin. It is sited at the western edge of the city's central plain at the mouth of the steep Caversham Valley, which rises to the saddle of Lookout Point. Major road and rail routes south lie nearby; the South Island Main Trunk railway runs through the suburb, and a bypass skirts its main retail area, connecting Dunedin's one-way street system with the Dunedin Southern Motorw

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    The Lucy poems are a series of five poems composed by the English Romantic poet William Wordsworth between 1798 and 1801. All but one were first published in the second edition of Lyrical Ballads in 1800, a collaboration between Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge that was both Wordsworth’s first major publication

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    When Edward came to power, Cranmer was able to promote major reforms. He wrote and compiled the first two editions of the Book of Common Prayer, a complete liturgy for the English Church. He developed new doctrinal standards in areas such as the eucharist, clerical celibacy, the role of images in places of worship, and the veneration of saints.

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    making possible the mechanisation of factories and mills.

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    It was used extensively by all three U.S. services operating in Vietnam, ending the war as the principal air superiority fighter for both the Navy and Air Force, as well as being important in the ground-attack and reconnaissance roles.

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    Go Man Go (1953–1983) was an American Quarter Horse stallion and race horse. He was named World Champion Quarter Running Horse three times in a row, one of only two horses to achieve that distinction. Go Man Go was considered to be of difficult temperament. While waiting in the starting gate for his very first race, he threw his jockey, broke down the gate, and ran alone around the track. He was eventually caught and went on to win the race. He retired from racing in 1960. During his five years of competition he had 27 wins and brought earnings of more than $86,000

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    final year. He entered the 2002 NBA Draft, and after negotiating with the CBA and the Sharks to secure his release, he was selected by the Houston Rockets as the first overall pick of the draft.

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    ed men also join. Fincher described the film as a coming of age film for people in their 30s. The fight clubs were intended to represent men resisting their marginalized lives in 1990s American society; they fight to overcome their numbn

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    ersonnel cha

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    ontains the westernmost islands of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. The largest island is Hirta, whose sea cliffs are the highest in the United Kingdom. The Gaelic-speaking populati

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    World Champion Quarter Running Horse

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    Mary Toft (1701–1763) was an English woman

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    Homer Simpson, voiced by Dan Castellaneta (pictured), is a fictional main character in the animated television series The Simpsons. Homer is the boorish father of the Simpson family and as the family's provider, he works at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant. With his wife, Marge, he has three children: Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. Homer embodies several American working class stereotypes: he is crude, overweight, incompetent, clumsy, lazy and ignorant; however, he is also fiercely devoted to his family. Homer was created and design

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    Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into their current home arena, the Olympic Saddledome (now Pengrowth Saddledome), in 1983. In 1986, the Flames became the first Calgary team since the Tigers in 1924 to compete for the Stanley Cup. The Flames' unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals captured the imagination of Canadians, leading Prime Minister Paul Martin to dub them "Canada's team",

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    Order of the Thistle

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    He first tried to throw his net over his rival.

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    d was the second of three separate major Japanese ground offensives during the Guadalcanal campaign. In the battle, U.S. Marines, under the overall

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    ilm for people in their 30s

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    Darwin's book presented evidence that the diversity of life arose through a branching pattern of evolution with comm

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    Bowie's prowess

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    The insect produces carminic acid that deters predation by other insects. Carminic acid can be extracted from the insect's body and eggs to make carmine dye (also known as cochineal). Carmine

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    They were often subject to the racial discrimination that was widespread in the United States at the time. Puerto Rican women who served had their options restricted to nursing or administrative positions.

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    1972 and opened a camera store. He settled in the Castro District, a neighborhood that was experiencing a mass immigration of gay men and lesbians. He ran for city supervisor in 1973, though he encountered resistance from th

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    d, depending on the species. The hard outer husk is covered with sharp, prickly thorns while the edible flesh within emits a distinctive odour, which is regarded as either fragrant or overpowering and offensive. The odour of the ripe fruit is strong and penetrating even when the husk is intact. The flesh can be consumed at

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    explorer,

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    ith close observation and prompt neurosurgical investigations, medications and other treatment methods to help prevent recurrence of the bleeding and complications. SAH is a medical emergency and can lead to death or severe disability—even when recognized and treated at an early stage. Up to half of all cases of SAH are fatal and 10–15% die before reaching a hospital, and those who survive often have neurological or cognitive impairment. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is considered a form of stroke and causes 1–7% of

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    risen and fallen in prominence.

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    "from heroes to superstars," according to Rolling Stone. U2 responded to the dance and alternative rock revolutions and their own sense of musical stagnation by reinventing themselves with their 1991 album Achtung Baby and the accompanying Zoo TV Tour. Similar experimentation continued for the rest of the 1990s. Since 2000, U2 have pursue

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    mainly in the form of multicore processors. Parallel computers can be roughly classified according to the level at which the hardware supports parallelism—with

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    Tann was faster and significantly better-armoured. She set the precedent that German battlecruisers carried much heavier armour than their British equivalents, albeit at the cost of smaller guns. The ship participated in a number of fleet actions during the First World War, including the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916, where she destroyed the British battlecruiser HMS Indefatigable within the first few minutes of the engagement. Von der Tann was hit several times by large-calibre shells during the battle, but the damage was quickly repaired and the ship returned to the fleet in two months.

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    its surface is covered with methane, ethane and possibly nitrogen ices. Initially known as 2005 FY9 (and later given

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    first storm of the season, Allison lasted

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    stigations, medications and other treatment methods to help prevent recurrence of the bleeding and co

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    Trophy, which he was given by the Rotary Club in 2005. Chris Kraft, NASA's first flight director, described Lunney as "a true hero of the space age," saying that he was "one of the outstanding contributors to the exploration of space of the last four decades." (more...)

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    out of his grasp, leaving the opponent defenceless. Should the net miss or the secutor grab hold of it, the retiarius likely discarded the weapon, although he might try to collect it back for a second cast. Usually, the retiarius had to rely on his trident and dagger to finish the fight. Retiarii first

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    used widely in the large-scale production of commodity chemicals such as pentaerythritol. The aldol

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    following numerous bilateral trade agreements. The opening of the pass is expected to bolster the economy of the region and play a key role in the growing Sino-Indian trade. Currently, agreements between the two nations limit trade across the pass to the export of 29 types of goods from India and import of 15

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    The remnants of Ioke accelerated northeastward and ultimately crossed into Alaska. Ioke did not affect any permanently populated areas in the Central Pacific or Western Pacific basins as a hurricane or a typhoon.

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    known for independently

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    losely reflect the language of the tablets—especially if they record a specialized register such as incantations—while the few remaining examples of the old language are heavily restricted in genre and may not correspond well to the tablets either. Since a proposal by Butinov and Knorozov in the 1950s, the majority of philologists, linguists, and cultural historians have taken the line that rongoro

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    co-founder of modern triangle geometry

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    The odour of the ripe fruit is strong and penetrating even when the husk is intact.

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    bird population. The hurricane left moderate damage on Wake Island totaling $88 million (2006 USD), including blown off roofs and damaged buildings, though the infrastructure of the island was left intact; all military personnel were evacuated from the island. (more...)

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    ion various evolutionary ideas had been pro

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    nidentified hackers steal and publish more than 1,000 private e-mails and 2,000 documents from a server at

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    she hoaxed doctors into believing that she had given birth to rabbits.

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    During his five years of

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    1958 until March 1959

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    The French repeatedly repulsed Viet Minh assaults on their positions. Supplies and reinforcements were delivered by air, although as the French positions were overrun and the anti-aircraft fire took its toll, fewer and fewer of those

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    crew of 12 people rode out the hurricane in a hurricane-proof bunker on Johnston Atoll; the crew estimated winds reached over 100 mph (160 km/h), which damaged trees on the island but did not impact the island's bird population. The hurricane left moderate damage on Wake Island totaling $88 million (2006 USD), including

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    closely tied to the Church of England, believed

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    which

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    failure

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    fascinated by a rabbit she had seen while working

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    success

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    contributing to the decline of the

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    cey Ullman Show for three years, the Simpson family got their own series on Fox, which debuted December 17, 1989. Homer is one of the most influential fictional characters on television and has insp

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    Local surgeon John Howard

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    On this day...

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    From Wikipedia's newest articles:

    Hannikel, ca 1787

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    Strindberg

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  • that the emphasis on erotic mythological subjects (example right) in late Northern Mannerism reflected the taste of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor?
  • ... that Clement O. Miniger, founder of the Electric Auto-Lite Company, lost $5 million in 1931 due to the economic effects of the Great Depression?
  • ... that the Toronto Women's Bookstore is the largest nonprofit, feminist bookstore in Canada?
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    Did you know...

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    Seven months after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, several prominent British scientists and philosophers participated in an evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum in Oxford, England.

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    he notified other prominent

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    Languages

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    ell as encyclopedias and books on geography. There were many notable innovations during the dynasty, including the development of woodblock printing, the escapement mechanism in horol

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    led troops

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    investigated and concluded that Toft was telling the truth

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    on to be short listed for an Edgar Award as

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    Comanches as a child

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    United States Capitol dome, 1846

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    t Sammy Stephens,

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    1945 - World War II: German ocean liner Cap Arcona, left to float defencelessly in the Bay of Lübeck with thousands of prisoners from various concentration camps on board, was attacked and sunk by RAF Typhoons.

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    The American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea) is a medium-sized American sparrow

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    World War II

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