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This theory was closely related to the theory of the four elements: earth, fire, water and air - earth was predominantly present in the black bile, fire in the yellow bile, water in the phlegm, and all four elements were present in the blood.[1]

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Humour Season Element Organ Qualities Ancient name Modern MBTI Ancient characteristics Blood spring air liver warm & moist sanguine artisan SP courageous, hopeful, amorous Yellow bile summer fire gall bladder warm & dry choleric idealist NF easily angered, bad tempered Black bile autumn earth spleen cold & dry melancholic guardian SJ despondent, sleepless, irritable Phlegm winter water brain/lungs cold & moist phlegmatic rational NT calm, unemotional

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Methods of treatment like bloodletting, emetics and purges were aimed at expelling a harmful surplus of a humour. Other methods used herbs and foods associated with a particular humour to counter symptoms of disease, for instance: people who had a fever and were sweating were considered hot and wet and therefore given substances associated with cold and dry. Paracelsus further developed the idea that beneficial medical substances could be found in herbs, minerals and various alchymical combinations thereof. These beliefs were the foundation of mainstream Western medicine well into the 1800s.

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